Chemistry

Chemistry

Atomic structure, bonding, equilibria, and organic chemistry

Resources›A Level›Chemistry

Physical Chemistry

12 topics

Atomic Structure

AS

Electron configuration, ionisation energies, mass spectrometry

electron configurationorbitalsionisation energy+1

Amount of Substance

AS

Moles, empirical formulae, calculations, titrations

molescalculationstitrations+1

Bonding

AS

Ionic, covalent, metallic bonding, shapes of molecules, intermolecular forces

bondingVSEPRintermolecular forces+1

Energetics

AS

Enthalpy changes, calorimetry, Hess's law, bond enthalpies

enthalpyHess's lawcalorimetry+1

Kinetics

AS

Collision theory, Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, catalysts

rate of reactioncollision theoryactivation energy+1

Chemical Equilibria

AS

Dynamic equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, Kc calculations

equilibriumLe ChatelierKc+1

Oxidation, Reduction and Redox

AS

Oxidation states, redox equations, disproportionation

redoxoxidation stateshalf equations+1

Thermodynamics

A2

Born-Haber cycles, entropy, Gibbs free energy

Born-HaberentropyGibbs+1

Rate Equations

A2

Rate equations, orders of reaction, rate determining step

rate equationsorder of reactionrate constant+1

Equilibrium Constant Kp

A2

Kp calculations, relationship between Kp and Kc

Kppartial pressureequilibrium calculations

Electrode Potentials and Cells

A2

Standard electrode potentials, electrochemical cells, batteries

electrode potentialselectrochemical cellsEMF+1

Acids, Bases and pH

A2

pH calculations, weak acids/bases, buffers, titration curves

pHKabuffers+1

Inorganic Chemistry

7 topics

Periodicity

AS

Periodic trends in atomic properties and Period 3 elements

periodic trendsPeriod 3atomic radius+1

Group 2 - The Alkaline Earth Metals

AS

Trends in properties, reactions, uses of Group 2 compounds

Group 2alkaline earth metalstrends+1

Group 7(17) - The Halogens

AS

Trends in properties, halide tests, uses of chlorine

halogensGroup 7halide tests+1

Period 3 Elements

A2

Properties of Period 3 elements and their oxides

Period 3oxideschlorides+1

Transition Metals

A2

General properties, complex ions, ligand substitution, redox

transition metalscomplex ionsligands+1

Transition Metal Complexes

A2

Shapes, isomerism, colour, ligand exchange reactions

complexesisomerismcolour+1

Reactions of Ions in Aqueous Solution

A2

Metal-aqua ions, acidity, precipitation reactions

aqua ionshydrolysisprecipitation+1

Organic Chemistry

16 topics

Introduction to Organic Chemistry

AS

Nomenclature, isomerism, organic analysis

nomenclatureisomerismstructural+1

Alkanes

AS

Properties, combustion, chlorination, environmental issues

alkanescombustionfree radical substitution+1

Halogenoalkanes

AS

Nucleophilic substitution, elimination reactions, uses

halogenoalkanesnucleophilic substitutionSN1+1

Alkenes

AS

Structure, addition reactions, polymerisation

alkenesaddition reactionspolymerisation+1

Alcohols

AS

Classification, oxidation, dehydration, esterification

alcoholsoxidationprimary secondary tertiary+1

Organic Analysis

AS

Mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, test-tube reactions

mass spectrometryIR spectroscopyfunctional group tests

Optical Isomerism

A2

Chirality, enantiomers, optical activity

optical isomerismchiralityenantiomers+1

Aldehydes and Ketones

A2

Oxidation, reduction, nucleophilic addition, testing

aldehydesketonescarbonyl+1

Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives

A2

Acidity, esters, acyl chlorides, acid anhydrides, amides

carboxylic acidsestersacyl chlorides+1

Aromatic Chemistry

A2

Benzene structure, electrophilic substitution, phenols

benzenearomaticelectrophilic substitution+1

Amines

A2

Basicity, synthesis, reactions with acids and acyl chlorides

aminesbasicitynucleophilic+1

Polymers

A2

Addition and condensation polymers, biodegradability

polymerspolymerisationcondensation+1

Amino Acids, Proteins and DNA

A2

Structure, peptide bonds, protein structure, DNA

amino acidsproteinspeptide bonds+1

Organic Synthesis

A2

Synthetic routes, practical techniques

synthesissynthetic routesretrosynthesis+1

NMR Spectroscopy

A2

¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, integration, splitting patterns

NMRproton NMRcarbon-13+1

Chromatography

A2

TLC, gas chromatography, principles and applications

chromatographyTLCGC+1